WORK FROM HOME, DISIPLIN KERJA, DAN PRODUKTIVITAS KARYAWAN: SEBUAH SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.61912/jeinsa.v5i1.441Kata Kunci:
Work From Home, Disiplin Kerja, Produktivitas Karyawan, Flexible Working, Systematic Literature ReviewAbstrak
Perkembangan sistem kerja fleksibel pascapandemi COVID-19 telah mendorong peningkatan penerapan Work From Home (WFH) di berbagai organisasi. Perubahan ini memunculkan perhatian terhadap faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi produktivitas karyawan, khususnya disiplin kerja sebagai mekanisme pengendalian perilaku dalam lingkungan kerja jarak jauh. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan kajian sistematis untuk mengintegrasikan temuan-temuan penelitian yang masih terfragmentasi dan menghasilkan pemahaman yang lebih komprehensif mengenai hubungan antara WFH, disiplin kerja, dan produktivitas karyawan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi perkembangan penelitian, menganalisis pendekatan teoritis dan metodologis yang digunakan, mensintesis pola hubungan antarvariabel, serta mengidentifikasi kesenjangan penelitian yang masih terbuka. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan Systematic Literature Review (SLR) dengan mengikuti pedoman PRISMA 2020. Pencarian literatur dilakukan melalui database Scopus, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, Emerald Insight, SpringerLink, ProQuest, dan Google Scholar pada periode 2020–2025. Setelah melalui proses identifikasi, screening, dan evaluasi kelayakan, sebanyak 35 artikel memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan dianalisis menggunakan analisis tematik serta narrative synthesis. Hasil review menunjukkan bahwa WFH secara umum berkontribusi positif terhadap produktivitas melalui peningkatan fleksibilitas kerja dan work-life balance. Namun, efektivitasnya sangat dipengaruhi oleh disiplin kerja, dukungan organisasi, dan pemanfaatan teknologi digital. Selain itu, ditemukan adanya inkonsistensi hasil penelitian yang dipengaruhi oleh perbedaan konteks organisasi, karakteristik pekerjaan, dan desain penelitian. Studi ini menyimpulkan bahwa disiplin kerja merupakan faktor kunci dalam keberhasilan implementasi WFH, serta menawarkan kerangka konseptual terintegrasi yang dapat menjadi dasar bagi penelitian selanjutnya, praktik manajemen sumber daya manusia, dan perumusan kebijakan kerja fleksibel.
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