CENTRAL BANK DIGITAL CURRENCY (CBDC) DAN TRANSFORMASI SISTEM MONETER INTERNASIONAL: SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW PERIODE 2020–2025
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.61912/jeinsa.v5i1.461Kata Kunci:
Digital Currency, Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC), Sistem Moneter Internasional, Systematic Literature Review, PRISMA 2020Abstrak
Transformasi ekonomi digital telah mendorong berkembangnya digital currency, khususnya Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC), sebagai salah satu inovasi yang berpotensi mengubah arsitektur sistem moneter internasional. Pesatnya perkembangan penelitian mengenai topik ini menghasilkan temuan yang beragam dan masih terfragmentasi, sehingga diperlukan sintesis yang komprehensif untuk memperoleh pemahaman yang lebih utuh. Penelitian ini bertujuan melakukan Systematic Literature Review (SLR) guna mengidentifikasi tren penelitian, menganalisis implikasi digital currency terhadap sistem moneter internasional, mengevaluasi pendekatan teoretis dan metodologis yang digunakan, serta mengidentifikasi kesenjangan penelitian dan agenda riset masa depan. SLR ini mengikuti pedoman PRISMA 2020 dengan pencarian literatur pada basis data Scopus, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, SpringerLink, Emerald Insight, Wiley Online Library, Taylor & Francis Online, IEEE Xplore, dan Google Scholar. Artikel diseleksi berdasarkan kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi yang telah ditetapkan, sehingga diperoleh 42 artikel yang dianalisis menggunakan analisis tematik dan narrative synthesis. Hasil review menunjukkan bahwa penelitian mengenai digital currency didominasi oleh tema Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC), kebijakan moneter, sistem pembayaran lintas negara, stabilitas keuangan, dan regulasi digital. Sintesis juga menunjukkan bahwa digital currency berpotensi meningkatkan efisiensi pembayaran dan mendukung transformasi sistem moneter, namun implementasinya masih menghadapi tantangan terkait interoperabilitas, keamanan siber, perlindungan data, serta harmonisasi regulasi internasional. Selain itu, literatur masih didominasi oleh studi konseptual dan berfokus pada negara maju, sehingga penelitian empiris lintas negara dan evaluasi dampak jangka panjang masih terbatas. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa digital currency merupakan elemen strategis dalam evolusi sistem moneter internasional dan memerlukan pendekatan multidisipliner serta kolaborasi kebijakan global. Temuan ini memberikan kontribusi bagi pengembangan teori, menjadi rujukan bagi penelitian selanjutnya, serta menyediakan dasar berbasis evidens bagi bank sentral dan pembuat kebijakan dalam merancang ekosistem mata uang digital yang aman, inklusif, dan berkelanjutan.
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